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Download Medicine II Exam Past Paper
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Medicine II Exam Past Paper: Frequently Likely Questions (FLQ) for Effective Revision
Medicine II is a core clinical unit that tests a student’s understanding of major medical conditions affecting organ systems such as the cardiovascular, respiratory, gastrointestinal, endocrine, and renal systems. Exam past papers often repeat themes and structured questions, making FLQ-based revision a powerful strategy. Below are commonly asked Medicine II exam questions, presented in a blogging format to guide students during preparation.
1. What are the common causes of congestive heart failure (CHF)?
Congestive heart failure is a frequently tested topic in Medicine II exams. Common causes include ischemic heart disease, hypertension, cardiomyopathies, valvular heart diseases, and arrhythmias. Exams often require candidates to explain how prolonged hypertension or myocardial infarction leads to ventricular dysfunction and fluid overload.
2. How is congestive heart failure clinically diagnosed?
This question assesses clinical reasoning. Diagnosis is based on symptoms such as dyspnea, orthopnea, paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea, and fatigue. Physical signs include raised jugular venous pressure, bilateral pitting edema, basal lung crepitations, and hepatomegaly. Investigations like chest X-ray, echocardiography, and ECG are also commonly tested.
3. What are the complications of uncontrolled hypertension?
Hypertension remains one of the most examined topics in Medicine II. Complications include stroke, myocardial infarction, heart failure, chronic kidney disease, retinopathy, and peripheral vascular disease. Examiners often expect students to link sustained high blood pressure with end-organ damage.
4. What are the causes and clinical features of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)?
COPD questions commonly appear in past papers. Major causes include cigarette smoking, biomass fuel exposure, and occupational pollutants. Clinical features include chronic cough, sputum production, dyspnea, barrel chest, and use of accessory muscles of respiration. Students should clearly differentiate COPD from asthma.
5. How do you manage an acute exacerbation of asthma?
Management of asthma attacks is a popular FLQ. Key steps include administering short-acting bronchodilators (such as salbutamol), oxygen therapy, systemic corticosteroids, and monitoring oxygen saturation. Severe cases may require intravenous bronchodilators or ventilatory support.
6. What are the causes of upper gastrointestinal bleeding?
Upper GI bleeding is a high-yield Medicine II topic. Common causes include peptic ulcer disease, esophageal varices, gastritis, Mallory–Weiss tear, and gastric cancer. Students are often required to outline both causes and initial emergency management.
7. How is diabetes mellitus classified?
Exams frequently test classification and differences between diabetes types. Diabetes mellitus is classified into Type 1, Type 2, gestational diabetes, and secondary diabetes. Understanding insulin deficiency versus insulin resistance is essential for scoring well.
8. What are the acute complications of diabetes mellitus?
Acute complications include diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA), hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state (HHS), hypoglycemia, and infections. Medicine II exams often require students to explain the pathophysiology and emergency management of DKA.
9. What are the causes of chronic kidney disease (CKD)?
Chronic kidney disease is a recurrent exam topic. Common causes include diabetes mellitus, hypertension, chronic glomerulonephritis, polycystic kidney disease, and obstructive uropathy. Students should also mention the irreversible nature of CKD.
10. What are the clinical features of chronic kidney disease?
Clinical features include fatigue, anemia, edema, hypertension, uremic symptoms, bone pain, and electrolyte imbalances. Exams often require classification of CKD stages based on glomerular filtration rate (GFR).
11. How is liver cirrhosis diagnosed and managed?
Diagnosis is based on clinical signs such as ascites, jaundice, spider nevi, and palmar erythema, supported by liver function tests and imaging. Management focuses on treating the cause, preventing complications, and managing portal hypertension.
12. Why are Medicine II past papers important for exam success?
Medicine II past papers help students understand exam patterns, common questions, and marking expectations. Repeated practice improves time management, confidence, and clinical reasoning skills essential for both exams and real-life medical practice.
